How to Solve a Rubik’s Cube: Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners

Solving a Rubik’s Cube might seem daunting at first, but with the right approach and method, anyone can learn to complete it in minutes—even in under 2 minutes with practice. Whether you're new to the cube or looking to improve your solving speed, this comprehensive guide will walk you through proven techniques to solve a Rubik’s Cube efficiently.


Understanding the Context

Why Solve a Rubik’s Cube?

The Rubik’s Cube is not just a classic puzzle—it’s a powerful tool for enhancing cognitive skills. Learning how to solve it improves problem-solving abilities, enhances spatial reasoning, and boosts memory and concentration. Plus, mastering it gives you a sense of accomplishment that’s hard to beat!


Understanding the Cube’s Basics

Key Insights

Before diving into solving, familiarize yourself with the cube’s structure:

  • Faces: The Rubik’s Cube has six faces, each with a center piece (fixed in position), edge pieces (two-colored), and corner pieces (three-colored).
  • Notation: To follow algorithms, learn basic notation:
    • F = Front face clockwise
    • B = Back face clockwise
    • U = Up face clockwise
    • D = Down face clockwise
    • R = Right face clockwise
    • L = Left face clockwise
    • A prime (’) means counterclockwise rotation.

The Most Popular Solving Method: CFOP (Layer-by-Layer)

CFOP (Cross, F2L, OLL, PLL) is the fastest method used by speedcubers worldwide. Let’s break it down:

Final Thoughts

1. Solve the White Cross

Start by forming a cross on one face—usually white, considered the “bottom” or starting color. Align edge pieces with their centered pair matching. Focus on matching colors precisely without scrambling solved corners.

2. Solve the First Two Layers (F2L)

Pair each edge and corner piece from the top layer and insert them into their correct positions alongside the white cross. There are 41 intuitive F2L pairs—learning these by heart speeds up solving.

3. Orient Last Layer (OLL)

Use algorithms to make all pieces on the bottom layer face the correct direction (e.g., cross-up pattern, economists, etc.). The goal: make every piece on the bottom face’s color show correctly.

4. Permute Last Layer (PLL)

Finally, permute (reposition) the last layer pieces so the cube is fully solved, with each piece in its correct corner or edge position.


Essential Algorithms for Beginners

While speedcubers rely heavily on ENA (Algorithm Name) sequences, beginners can start with simpler patterns:

  • F R U R’ U’ F’ – Helps position edge pieces.
  • R U R’ U R U2 R’ – Useful for swapping corners or edges.
  • Recognize patterns before reciting – Focus on visual cues rather than memorizing every sequence.

Tips to Improve Your Solving Time